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国际法委员会工作介绍: 与国际法有关的海平面上升问题

奥雷斯库等 法眼看南海
2024-09-06

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国际法委员会工作介绍: 与国际法有关的海平面上升问题

作者简介


波格丹·奥雷斯库

Bogdan Aurescu

国际法院法官

罗马尼亚布加勒斯特大学法学院国际法教授

与国际法有关的海平面上升问题研究组共同主席

国际法委员会委员


尼吕费尔·奥拉尔

Nilufer Oral

新加坡国立大学国际法中心主任

与国际法有关的海平面上升问题研究组共同主席

国际法委员会委员

声明


本文原载于《美国大学国际法评论》(American Uniersity International Law Review)2023年第3期,题目为“国际法委员会工作介绍: 与国际法有关的海平面上升问题”(Introduction to the International Law Commission's Work on Sea Level Rise in Relation to International Law)。本文谨代表作者立场,不代表平台和译者观点,限于篇幅省略脚注和注释。限于篇幅仅介绍引言部分,如需获取全文,请点击文末“阅读原文”免费下载。

概要


在《与国际法有关的海平面上升问题研究组共同主席波格丹·奥雷斯库和尼吕费尔·奥拉尔编写的第一次问题文件》(以下简称《第一次问题文件》)中,我们研究了基线这个非常重要的问题——海平面上升对基线和从基线测量的海洋空间外部界限可能产生的法律影响。我们达成的初步意见包含在《第一次问题文件》的第104段中。我相信那些对这个话题感兴趣的人已经研究了相应的段落,因为我认为它已经很有名了,至少对于直接受到海平面上升影响的国家来说是这样。该段的主要观察之一是,关于基线和从中测量的海洋区域界限的动态理论没有回应受海平面上升影响的成员国所表达的关切,特别是关于沿海国家在各个海洋区域的权利以及维护法律稳定性、安全性、确定性和可预测性的需要。

这是主要结论之一,也带我们得出另一个观察结果:也许冻结基线是一种解决方案,可以回应这些国家的关切。在《第一次问题文件》中,我们还研究了海平面上升对海洋划界可能产生的法律影响问题。从这个角度来看,以及成员国在第六委员会关于所需稳定性、安全性、确定性和可预测性的声明中坚持的观点,我们得出结论,如果各国重新谈判其海洋边界,质疑受影响的海洋划界将产生不确定性、法律不安全感,并增加争端风险。

Summary

In the first issues paper we examined the very important issue of baselines—the possible legal effects of sea-level rise on the baselines and outer limits of the maritime spaces that are measured from the baselines.The preliminary observations we reached were included in paragraph 104 of the first issues paper. I am sure that those who are interested in this topic have studied the respective paragraph, because I think it is already famous, at least for the states which are directly affected by sea-level rise. One of the main observations of that paragraph was that the ambulatory theory regarding baselines and the limits of maritime zones measured from them does not respond to the concerns expressed by the Member States that are affected by sea level rise,especially in regard to the rights of the coastal states in the various maritime zones and the need to preserve legal stability, security, certainty, and predictability.
This is one of the main conclusions that also brought us to another observation: that perhaps freezing the baselines is one solution that could respond to the concerns of these states. In the first issues paper we also examined the issue of the possible legal effects of sea-level rise on maritime delimitations. From that perspective—and from what Member States have insisted on during their statements in the Sixth Committee regarding the needed stability, security, certainty, and predictability—we have reached the observation that putting into question affected maritime delimitations would create uncertainty, legal insecurity and would increase the risk of disputes if states were to renegotiate their maritime boundaries.

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联系邮箱:xuqi2019@jnu.edu.cn

 

图文编辑/翻译:胡楠  江苏大学法学院本科生 

审校:徐奇 暨南大学法学院/知识产权学院副教授 


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