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关于海平面上升的法律合作问题

玛丽亚·因凡特 法眼看南海
2024-09-06

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关于海平面上升的法律合作问题 

作者简介


玛丽亚·特雷莎·因凡特

Maria Teresa Infante

国际海洋法法庭法官

声明


本文原载于《美国大学国际法评论》（American Uniersity International Law Review）2023年第3期，题目为“关于海平面上升的法律合作问题”（Legal Cooperation Issues on Sea Level Rise）。本文谨代表作者立场，不代表平台和译者观点，限于篇幅省略脚注和注释。如需获取全文，请点击文末“阅读原文”免费下载。

引言

我的思考是初步的。我认为我们应该增强海洋法的能力，以解决这一现象所涉及的各种问题。在这个演讲中，从选择性的角度来看，我将提到法律合作的概念，作为构建可行方法的一种方式。

法律合作是一个广泛的概念，应考虑现有规范的法律和技术互补性等方面，以及需要审视多学科研究以评估商定原则和框架的影响。它还意味着源自不同途径的法律发展，例如气候变化制度本身——已经被国际法委员会审议——以及其他对进行海洋活动有影响的文书。这包括国际经济法、环境法、国际灾害法和争端解决法。这是一个维度，旨在从海平面上升的角度审视文书，并利用现有的合作工具共同监督各种手段，以促进进一步的互动水平。

这在国际或地区层面上并不是一个新话题，其方向已经建立在加强国内和国际措施相结合的基础上。作为讨论的基础，这意味着在对这一现象本身的认识和管理的基础上，从法律的角度考虑共同利益的因素——而不仅仅是个别国家的自身利益。在请求国际法院的咨询意见或向国际海洋法法庭提出有关国家保护免受气候变化后果的义务问题的情况下，现在是时候审查区域和次区域工具正在处理的来自气候变化和海平面上升的问题，这些都是共同关切的事项。

这并不是要忘记其他方面，例如胡安·何塞·鲁达·桑托拉里亚在本次活动中强调的问题：国家地位、国家能力和常住人口的转移问题。这些领域需要其他国际法律的合作手段，因为只有通过多层面而不一定是强制性的文书，我们利用内部路径才能够处理这些问题。

Introduction

My reflections are preliminary ones. I believe we should enhance the capacity of the Law of the Sea to address the diverse issues implicated by this phenomenon. In this presentation, from selective perspectives, I will refer to the notion of legal cooperation as one to construct plausible approaches to this matter.
Legal cooperation, which is a broad concept, should consider aspects such as the legal and technical complementarity of already existing norms, as well as the need to look at multidisciplinary studies to assess the impact of agreed principles and frameworks. It also means legal developments stemming from different routes, such as the climate change regime itself—which has already been considered by the International Law Commission—and other instruments that have an impact on conducting maritime activities. This includes international economic law, environment law, international law of disasters, and the law of dispute settlement. It is a dimension which seeks to look at instruments from the perspective of sea-level rise and the use of existing cooperative tools to collectively oversee various means to foster further levels of interactions.
This is not a newsubject at the international or regional level, where orientations are already based on an enhanced combination of domestic and international measures. As a basis for discussion, this means adding to the knowledge and management of the phenomenon itself, ingredients of common interest from a legal perspective—not only of the self-interest of individual states. In circumstances where the idea of requesting an advisoryopinion from the International Court of Justice, or addressing questions to the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea regarding the obligations of states to protect against climate change consequences, it is timelyto review materials of which the regional and subregional tools are dealing with problems emerging fromclimatechange and sea-level rise as amatter of commonconcern. 
This is not to forget other dimensions, such as the ones that Juan José Ruda Santolaria highlighted in his contribution during this event: statehood and the problem of devolution of State capacities and resident populations. These are areas that call for other means of international legal cooperation, as it is only through the internal course through multidimensional instruments, not necessarily compulsory ones, that we will be able to deal with those problems.

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“法眼看南海”由暨南大学法学院/知识产权学院徐奇副教授及其团队运营，旨在介绍和分析国际法和南海问题有关的信息动态和名家学说



联系邮箱：xuqi2019@jnu.edu.cn


图文编辑/翻译：胡楠  江苏大学法学院本科生 

审校：徐奇 暨南大学法学院/知识产权学院副教授 

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