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应对海平面上升的方法: 非洲和美洲地区新兴政策应对的比较视角

查尔斯·贾洛 法眼看南海
2024-09-05

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应对海平面上升的方法:非洲和美洲地区新兴政策应对的比较视角

    

         作者简介


查尔斯·切尔诺·贾洛

Charles Chernor Jalloh

佛罗里达国际大学国际法大学杰出教授

联合国国际法委员会委员、特别报告员

    声明


本文原载于《美国大学国际法评论》(American Uniersity International Law Review),题目为“应对海平面上升的方法:非洲和美洲地区对新兴政策反应的比较看法”(Approaches to Sea Level Rise: A Comparative View of Emerging Policy Responses by the African and the American Regions)。本文谨代表作者立场,不代表平台和译者观点。限于篇幅本文仅翻译引言部分,如需获取全文,请点击文末“阅读原文”下载获取。

引言

我被要求为今天我们正在进行的讨论做出贡献,具体子议题是海平面上升如何影响非洲和美洲地区的国家以及它们对这一现象的新兴政策反应。因此,与我之前杰出的同事不同,我谈到这个话题,不是太关注法律,而是思考从非洲和美洲地区各国政府那里看到的潜在的政策反应。

我的兴趣在这两个地区的部分原因是,我有一种二元性,出生在塞拉利昂,但现在有幸生活在一个被认为是通往拉丁美洲的门户的城市:美国佛罗里达州的迈阿密市,这在很多方面也与我们今天讨论的话题直接相关。原因是,迈阿密——以及南佛罗里达——在很多方面(至少对美国来说),在海平面上升问题上来说,被认为是楔形边缘的一部分。特别是迈阿密,更普遍的是佛罗里达州,预计将是第一个经历海平面上升的城市。这其实已经是一个现实了。对于我们这些住在南佛罗里达社区的人来说,你不能忽视当地的新闻,说在任何一天,海洋正在上升,至少在某些社区收复一些土地。在南佛罗里达的部分地区,我们有越来越多的洪水和疏散区,由于与海平面上升相关的风险,人们实际上已经离开了他们居住的房屋。这种现象在南佛罗里达越来越频繁,对一些当地居民来说,这是一个现实。当然,在更广泛的层面上,美国是美洲地区的一部分,尽管我不会在今天的讨论中重点讨论这一点,尽管美国的其他地区,如南部的路易斯安那州和德克萨斯州,也感觉到海平面上升,陆地和岛屿都部分被淹没。事实上,美国南海岸和墨西哥湾沿岸的大部分地区都感受到了海平面上升的影响。更糟糕的是,科学家们认为,海平面上升的平均速度甚至可能正在加速。毋庸置疑,鉴于美国作为世界上最富有的国家的地位,它比大多数国家更有能力在政策层面作出回应。

Introduction

I was asked to see if I could make a contribution to the discussion, which we are having today, on the specific sub-topic of how sea level rise is affecting States in Africa and the America’s region and their emerging policy responses to the phenomenon. And my first thought was to think of it in a comparative manner. So, I come to the topic, unlike my prior distinguished colleagues, not focusing so much on the law but thinking of the potential policy responses that we are beginning to see from governments in the Africa and Americas regions.
Part of the reason for my interest in these two regions is that I have a sense of duality, having been born and raised in Sierra Leone but now having the good fortune of living in a city that is considered the gateway to Latin America: the city of Miami in Florida in the United States, which in many ways is also directly relevant to the topic that we are discussing today. The reason for that is that Miami–and South Florida generally–is considered in many ways (at least for the United States) as a part of the thin edge of the wedge when it comes to these issues concerning sea level rise. Miami in particular, and Florida more generally, are projected to be the first to experience rising sea levels. That is in fact a reality already. For those of us who live in a community in South Florida, you cannot ignore the local news that is saying, on any given day, that the oceans are creeping up and reclaiming some land at least in certain neighborhoods. In parts of South Florida, we have more and more flooding and evacuation zones where people actually have been moved away from the homes that they live in because of the risks that are associated with sea level rise. This phenomenon is something that is increasingly frequent in South Florida and very much a reality for some of the local population. Of course, on the broader level, the US is part of the Americas region, although I will not focus on it in the discussion here today even though there are other parts of the US such as in Louisiana and Texas in the South where also sea level rise is being felt and both lands and islands have been partially inundated. Indeed, much of the South Coast and the Gulf Coast of the US are feeling the impacts of sea level rise. Worse is that the scientists suggest a measure of acceleration may even be taking place with the mean increase in sea level rise. Needless to say, the US, more than most States, has the capacity to respond at a policy level given its status as the world’s richest country.

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图文编辑/翻译:胡楠  江苏大学法学院本科生 

审校:徐奇 暨南大学法学院/知识产权学院副教授 


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