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《国际刑法评论》2023年第2期摘要翻译

国际刑法评论 法眼看南海
2024-09-05

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International Criminal Law Review

国际刑法评论

期刊介绍 

不同国际刑事法庭的实践表明,没有真正的国际刑事(习惯)法,而只是从国际公法、一般法律原则和人道主义法中推断出来的。所谓的普通法和大陆法系之间的分歧以及它们在解决法律问题的方法上的差异,使得有必要建立一个国际论坛,讨论和发展国际法院工作可以建立的共同基础。对于实体刑法的所谓“总则”,如参与形式、犯罪行为和犯罪意图类别、辩护和借口、犯罪类型、量刑、执行等,尤其如此。而且程序法在许多方面仍然缺乏尖锐的特征;国际刑事法院的《程序和证据规则》仍然需要解释。此外,这将有助于法院了解法律的社会背景和影响。因此,还需要对国际刑法问题进行犯罪学、社会学和历史研究。《国际刑法评论》发表了涉及这些问题的深入分析研究。分析可能包括:国际一级的实体法和程序法;国家司法机构对一般问题有影响的重要案件;犯罪学和社会学和历史研究。


译者:邹欣怡 上海政法学院本科生

初审:吴敏 山东师范大学法学院本科生

终审:陈嘉怡 暨南大学法学院/知识产权学院研究生



本期目录 


01.作为国家刑事管辖权基础的属地原则:特别关于跨国犯罪和未遂,以及多方在不同国家实施的犯罪

The Territorial Principle as a Basis for State Criminal Jurisdiction: Particularly with Regard to Cross-Border Offences and Attempts, and to Multiple Parties to an Offence Acting in Different Countries


02.本杰明·费伦茨和国际刑法中的受害者待遇:描述新兴领域的法律实然和应然

Benjamin Ferencz and the Treatment of Victims in International Criminal Law: Mapping Out Lex Lata and Lex Ferenda in an Emerging Field


03.国际刑事法院:关于控告饥饿罪的现有办法的思考

International Criminal Court: Reflections on the Available Options for the Prosecution of the Crime of Starvation


04.通过联合国国际调查机制评估证据:国际刑事法院是否将面临的新挑战?

Evaluating the Evidence by the UN International Investigative Mechanisms: a New Challenge for the International Criminal Court?


摘要编译:

01.作为国家刑事管辖权基础的属地原则:特别关于跨国犯罪和未遂,以及多方在不同国家实施的犯罪

作者:

安德烈斯·帕耶尔(Andrés Payer),瑞士苏黎世大学法学院博士研究员

摘要:

本文的目的是探讨(习惯)国际法下领土原则的范围,特别关注跨境犯罪和未遂,以及多方在不同国家行为的犯罪。本文的分析将从检查国家刑事管辖权的基础和限制以及一般的领土原则开始。在此背景下,本文还将讨论这一原则面对其他国家的正当性及其与其他管辖原则的关系。本文将使用归纳和演绎的方法来确定习惯国际法的相关轮廓,因此涉及对相关国家实践的报告和分析。

The purpose of this article is to explore the scope of the territorial principle under (customary) international law, with a particular focus on cases of cross-border offences and attempts, and multiple parties to an offence acting in different countries. Our analysis will begin with an examination of the foundations and limits of state criminal jurisdiction and the territorial principle in general. In this context, we will also discuss the justification of this principle vis-à-vis other states and its relationship to other jurisdictional principles. In order to determine the pertinent contours of customary international law, we will use an approach that is both inductive and deductive, and, as such, involves the reporting on and analysis of relevant state practice.


02.本杰明·费伦茨和国际刑法中的受害者待遇:描述新兴领域的法律实然和应然

作者:

格雷戈里·戈登(Gregory S. Gordon),香港中文大学法律学院教授

摘要:

本文考察了国际刑法先驱本杰明·费伦茨职业生涯中迄今未被充分探索的法律历史章节,并在此基础上为当前暴行受害者法中的问题提供了解决方案。费伦茨主要以其在纽伦堡的起诉而闻名,实际上,在他的大部分职业生涯中,他都在创造性地为大屠杀幸存者寻求赔偿,后来,凭借这种经验,他寻求确定国际刑事法院《罗马规约》所涵盖的受害者。在研究了这段历史之后,本文将费伦茨的开创性做法映射到暴行受害者的现行法上。然后,其考虑到法律的缺陷,包括前端和后端问题(即在调查和提前释放申请阶段)、国际刑事法院惩治与赔偿任务的不协调、资金不足、受害者主动参与的障碍和在起诉侵略时将受害者排除在外。对于每一个问题,费伦茨的历史都提供了可行的解决方案,例如以受害者为导向的调查,不协调的制裁/赔偿程序,双边条约资助,跨国受害者网络,以及将非法使用武力指控为危害人类罪。因此,这种对框架的修改建议也许不应该被仅仅称为“应有”法。

This piece examines a hitherto underexplored legal history chapter in international criminal law pioneer Benjamin Ferencz’s career, and, based on that, offers fixes for problems in current atrocity victim law. Known primarily for his Nuremberg prosecutorial exploits, Ferencz actually spent most of his career innovatively seeking reparations for Holocaust survivors and then later, with the benefit of such experience, sought to ensure coverage of victims in the International Criminal Court’s Rome Statute. After examining this history, the article maps Ferencz’s trailblazing practices onto the atrocity victim lex lata. It then considers that law’s deficits, including front-end and back-end problems (i.e., at the investigation and early release application phases), International Criminal Court retributive versus reparative mission dissonance, inadequate funding, hindrances to proactive victim participation and victim exclusion in prosecuting aggression. For each problem, Ferencz’s history offers viable solutions, such as victim-oriented investigations, bifurcated retribution/restitution processes, bilateral treaty funding, transnational victim networking, and charging illegal use of force as crimes against humanity. As a result, perhaps such proposed modifications of the framework should not be called lex ferenda, but rather ‘lex ferencza.’


03.国际刑事法院:关于控告饥饿罪的现有办法的思考

作者:

西蒙·安东尼奥·卢西亚诺(Simone Antonio Luciano),葡萄牙里斯本诺瓦大学法学院博士生

摘要:

本文探讨了非作为战争手段实施的饥饿罪是否可以由国际刑事法院起诉的问题。本文评估了是否有可能使用《罗马规约》条款中已列罪行来起诉所有不能作为战争罪起诉的饥饿案件,因为这些案件既不是在武装冲突期间犯下的,也不与武装冲突有关。更具体地说,本文它处理的问题是现在和平时期的饥饿是否可以作为种族灭绝行为、迫害行为、灭绝行为或“不人道行为”,而由国际刑事法院进行起诉。

This article investigates whether crimes of starvation not committed as a method of warfare could be prosecuted by the International Criminal Court. It assesses whether it is possible to use crimes already typified in the articles of the Rome Statute to prosecute all those cases of starvation that cannot be prosecuted as war crimes because they were committed neither during an armed conflict nor in association with an armed conflict. More specifically, it addresses the question of whether nowadays peacetime starvation could be prosecuted by the International Criminal Court as an act of genocide, an act of persecution, an act of extermination or as an “inhumane act”.

04.通过联合国国际调查机制评估证据:国际刑事法院是否将面临的新挑战?

作者:

埃莱尼·米查(Eleni Micha),希腊雅典国立卡波迪安安大学法学院教学研究员

摘要:

国际刑事法院和法庭在评估证据方面面临着一些挑战。对国际刑事法院来说,关于如何最好地解释《罗马规约》有关条款的问题十分紧迫。目前为止,对联合国独立调查机制提供的文件证据的评估是一个尚未研究开发的领域。因此,如果国际刑事法院着手评价这些机制收集的证据,本研究将反映对国际刑事法院提出的挑战。本研究将特别侧重于联合国独立调查机制在叙利亚和缅甸问题上的工作方法。基于国际刑事法院最近的判例法,尤其是翁文案判决,本研究将以明确法院的证据标准设置的视角,深入分析规约第69条第4款中三段论的适用性问题。

International criminal courts and tribunals have faced a number of challenges with respect to the assessment of evidence. For the International Criminal Court (icc) there are pressing questions regarding the best interpretation of the relevant provisions in the Rome Statute (rs). To this point, the assessment of documentary evidence conveyed by the UN Independent Investigative Mechanisms (iims) constitutes a rather unexplored area. Accordingly, the present study will reflect upon the challenges posed for the icc, in case the Court proceeds to evaluate the evidence collected by those mechanisms. Special focus will be upon the working methodology of the IIM on Syria and Myanmar. Based on the Court’s recent case-law and, in particular on the Ongwen judgment, the study will further analyze the applicability of the three-prong test of Article 69(4)rs with a view to clarifying the evidentiary standard-setting of the Court.


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“法眼看南海”由暨南大学法学院/知识产权学院徐奇副教授及其团队运营,旨在介绍和分析国际法和南海问题有关的信息动态和名家学说


联系邮箱:xuqi2019@jnu.edu.cn



图文编辑:崔诗若 中国海洋大学法学院本科生

审校:徐奇 暨南大学法学院/知识产权学院副教授


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